One of the core symbols of Christianity is the crucifix or cross. The cross has a rich history and has undergone many transformations over the years. Today, there are nearly limitless interpretations found all around the world - from the San Domiano to the St. Benedict Crucifix.
The crucifix was not a symbol commonly used in the early church. Before the 5th century, more emphasis was placed symbols like the Ichthys, the lamb, or a dove. The cross symbol appears occasionally before the 5th century as is evidenced in the Octavius of Minucius Felix. However, around the 5th century, the crucifix began appearing in much greater numbers throughout Rome. At this time, the corpus depicted a peaceful Jesus who was free from suffering. His head was raised and his eyes were open. The emphasis was on the divinity of Jesus and his immunity to death.
Beginning in the 13th, the crucifix underwent a dramatic transformation. A suffering Christ replaced the serene Christ of the earlier centuries. This was a Christ who was experiencing intense pain and suffering. His head was bowed, his body was twisted in pain and was bleeding.
During the Renaissance, the crucifix changed again. Similar to previous interpretations, artists showed this Jesus with his arms outstretched, head bowed, and eyes closed. The difference, however, was a lack of suffering. This depiction of the crucifixion combined the elements from all of the previous crucifixes, and is the form that remains the most popular today.
If you're looking for a crucifix, come see our collection at St. Patrick's Guild here.
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